Apparatus, system and method of dynamic allocation using a grant frame

ABSTRACT

Some demonstrative embodiments include apparatuses, devices, systems and methods of dynamically scheduling a transmit opportunity. For example, a first wireless station may be configured to generate a grant frame including a duration field and a dynamic allocation information field, the dynamic allocation information field including an allocation duration subfield, the allocation duration subfield being set to a value within a predefined range of values, when the grant frame is to grant to a second wireless station a period after a Transmit Opportunity (TxOP), the allocation duration subfield being set to a predefined value which is not within the predefined range of values, when the grant frame is to grant to the second wireless station a period within the TxOP; and transmit the grant frame during the TxOP.

CROSS REFERENCE

This application claims the benefit of and priority from U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/087,313 entitled “Apparatus,System and Method of Dynamically Scheduling a Transmit Opportunity”,filed Dec. 4, 2014, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/127,861 entitled “Apparatus, System and Method of Dynamic AllocationUsing a Grant Frame”, filed Mar. 4, 2015, the entire disclosures of bothof which are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments described herein generally relate to dynamic allocationusing a grant frame.

BACKGROUND

A wireless communication network in a millimeter-wave band may providehigh-speed data access for users of wireless communication devices.

A wireless communication station may communicate a grant frame. Thegrant frame may include a duration field and an Allocated duration, forexample, according to IEEE 802.11ad-2012 (“IEEE P802.11ad-2012, IEEEStandard for Information Technology—Telecommunications and InformationExchange Between Systems—Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—SpecificRequirements—Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) andPhysical Layer (PHY) Specifications—Amendment 3: Enhancements for VeryHigh Throughput in the 60 GHz Band”, 28 Dec., 2012).

However, the current definition of fields and subfields of the grantframe according to IEEE 802.11ad-2012 may not be applicable, efficientand/or sufficient, e.g., in some scenarios, implementations and/or usecases.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in thefigures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, thedimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to otherelements for clarity of presentation. Furthermore, reference numeralsmay be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogouselements. The figures are listed below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a system, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an allocation beginning at an endof a duration indicated by a duration field of a grant frame, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a grant frame, in accordance withsome demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a dynamic allocation informationfield, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an allocation within a TransmitOpportunity (TxOP), in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart illustration of a method of dynamicallocation using a grant frame, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments.

FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart illustration of a method of dynamicallocation using a grant frame, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments.

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a product of manufacture, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are setforth in order to provide a thorough understanding of some embodiments.However, it will be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the artthat some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, unitsand/or circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscurethe discussion.

Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example, “processing”,“computing”, “calculating”, “determining”, “establishing”, “analyzing”,“checking”, or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) ofa computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or otherelectronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform datarepresented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within thecomputer's registers and/or memories into other data similarlyrepresented as physical quantities within the computer's registersand/or memories or other information storage medium that may storeinstructions to perform operations and/or processes.

The terms “plurality” and “a plurality”, as used herein, include, forexample, “multiple” or “two or more”. For example, “a plurality ofitems” includes two or more items.

References to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “demonstrativeembodiment”, “various embodiments” etc., indicate that the embodiment(s)so described may include a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes theparticular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated useof the phrase “in one embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the sameembodiment, although it may.

As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinaladjectives “first”, “second”, “third” etc., to describe a common object,merely indicate that different instances of like objects are beingreferred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so describedmust be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking,or in any other manner.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices andsystems, for example, a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Device (MD), awireless station (STA), a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, amobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tabletcomputer, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a server computer, ahandheld computer, a handheld device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device,a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile orportable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device,a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, awireless Access Point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired orwireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A/V)device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a WirelessVideo Area Network (WVAN), a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wireless LAN(WLAN), a Personal Area Network (PAN), a Wireless PAN (WPAN), and thelike.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with devices and/or networksoperating in accordance with existing Wireless-Gigabit-Alliance (WGA)specifications (Wireless Gigabit Alliance, Inc WiGig MAC and PHYSpecification Version 1.1, April 2011, Final specification) and/orfuture versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networksoperating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11 standards (IEEE802.11-2012, IEEE Standard for Information technology—Telecommunicationsand information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan areanetworks—Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium AccessControl (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, Mar. 29, 2012;IEEE802.11ac-2013 (“IEEE P802.11ac-2013, IEEE Standard for InformationTechnology—Telecommunications and Information Exchange BetweenSystems—Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Specific Requirements—Part11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)Specifications—Amendment 4: Enhancements for Very High Throughput forOperation in Bands below 6 GHz”, December, 2013); IEEE 802.11ad (“IEEEP802.11ad-2012, IEEE Standard for InformationTechnology—Telecommunications and Information Exchange BetweenSystems—Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Specific Requirements—Part11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)Specifications—Amendment 3: Enhancements for Very High Throughput in the60 GHz Band”, 28 Dec., 2012); IEEE-802.11REVmc (“IEEE802.11-REVmc™/D3.0, June 2014 draft standard for Informationtechnology—Telecommunications and information exchange between systemsLocal and metropolitan area networks Specific requirements; Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)Specification”)) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof,devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing WirelessFidelity (WiFi) Alliance (WFA) Peer-to-Peer (P2P) specifications (WiFiP2P technical specification, version 1.2, 2012) and/or future versionsand/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating inaccordance with existing cellular specifications and/or protocols, e.g.,3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP Long Term Evolution(LTE) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, units and/ordevices which are part of the above networks, and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-wayradio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communicationsystems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, aPersonal Communication Systems (PCS) device, a PDA device whichincorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portableGlobal Positioning System (GPS) device, a device which incorporates aGPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFIDelement or chip, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transceiver ordevice, a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) transceiver or device, aMultiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a devicehaving one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, DigitalVideo Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devicesor systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a Smartphone, aWireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types ofwireless communication signals and/or systems, for example, RadioFrequency (RF), Infra Red (IR), Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM),Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access(OFDMA), FDM Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time-Division MultipleAccess (TDMA), Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO), Spatial Division MultipleAccess (SDMA), Extended TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet Radio Service(GPRS), extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), WidebandCDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA,Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT), Bluetooth®,Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee™, Ultra-Wideband(UWB), Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G,4G, Fifth Generation (5G), or Sixth Generation (6G) mobile networks,3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, Enhanced Data rates forGSM Evolution (EDGE), or the like. Other embodiments may be used invarious other devices, systems and/or networks.

The term “wireless device”, as used herein, includes, for example, adevice capable of wireless communication, a communication device capableof wireless communication, a communication station capable of wirelesscommunication, a portable or non-portable device capable of wirelesscommunication, or the like. In some demonstrative embodiments, awireless device may be or may include a peripheral that is integratedwith a computer, or a peripheral that is attached to a computer. In somedemonstrative embodiments, the term “wireless device” may optionallyinclude a wireless service.

The term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a communicationsignal includes transmitting the communication signal and/or receivingthe communication signal. For example, a communication unit, which iscapable of communicating a communication signal, may include atransmitter to transmit the communication signal to at least one othercommunication unit, and/or a communication receiver to receive thecommunication signal from at least one other communication unit. Theverb communicating may be used to refer to the action of transmitting orthe action of receiving. In one example, the phrase “communicating asignal” may refer to the action of transmitting the signal by a firstdevice, and may not necessarily include the action of receiving thesignal by a second device. In another example, the phrase “communicatinga signal” may refer to the action of receiving the signal by a firstdevice, and may not necessarily include the action of transmitting thesignal by a second device.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a WLAN,e.g., a wireless fidelity (WiFi) network. Other embodiments may be usedin conjunction with any other suitable wireless communication network,for example, a wireless area network, a “piconet”, a WPAN, a WVAN andthe like.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with awireless communication network communicating over a frequency band of 60GHz. However, other embodiments may be implemented utilizing any othersuitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, anExtremely High Frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmWave)frequency band), e.g., a frequency band within the frequency band ofbetween 20 Ghz and 300 GHZ, a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequencyband, a frequency band according to the WGA specification, a frequencyband according to the IEEE 802.11 specifications, and the like.

The term “antenna”, as used herein, may include any suitableconfiguration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antennaelements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. In someembodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements. Insome embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receiveelements. The antenna may include, for example, a phased array antenna,a single element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or thelike.

The phrases “directional multi-gigabit (DMG)” and “directional band”(DBand), as used herein, may relate to a frequency band wherein theChannel starting frequency is above 45 GHz. In one example, DMGcommunications may involve one or more directional links to communicateat a rate of multiple gigabits per second, for example, at least 1Gigabit per second, e.g., 7 Gigabit per second, or any other rate.

Reference is made to FIG. 1, which schematically illustrates a system100, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, system 100 mayinclude one or more wireless communication devices. For example, system100 may include a first wireless communication device 102, and/or asecond wireless communication device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include amobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static, device.

For example, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, for example, a UE, anMD, a STA, an AP, a PC, a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptopcomputer, an Ultrabook™ computer, a notebook computer, a tabletcomputer, a server computer, a handheld computer, an Internet of Things(IoT) device, a handheld device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, anon-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combiningcellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), aconsumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile orportable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, acellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates awireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVBdevice, a relatively small computing device, a non-desktop computer, a“Carry Small Live Large” (CSLL) device, an Ultra Mobile Device (UMD), anUltra Mobile PC (UMPC), a Mobile Internet Device (MID), an “Origami”device or computing device, a device that supports DynamicallyComposable Computing (DCC), a context-aware device, a video device, anaudio device, an A/V device, a Set-Top-Box (STB), a Blu-ray disc (BD)player, a BD recorder, a Digital Video Disc (DVD) player, a HighDefinition (HD) DVD player, a DVD recorder, a HD DVD recorder, aPersonal Video Recorder (PVR), a broadcast HD receiver, a video source,an audio source, a video sink, an audio sink, a stereo tuner, abroadcast radio receiver, a flat panel display, a Personal Media Player(PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), a digital audio player, a speaker,an audio receiver, an audio amplifier, a gaming device, a data source, adata sink, a Digital Still camera (DSC), a media player, a Smartphone, atelevision, a music player, or the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include, for example,one or more of a processor 191, an input unit 192, an output unit 193, amemory unit 194, and a storage unit 195; and/or device 140 may include,for example, one or more of a processor 181, an input unit 182, anoutput unit 183, a memory unit 184, and a storage unit 185. Devices 102and/or 140 may optionally include other suitable hardware componentsand/or software components. In some demonstrative embodiments, some orall of the components of one or more of devices 102 and/or 140 may beenclosed in a common housing or packaging, and may be interconnected oroperably associated using one or more wired or wireless links. In otherembodiments, components of one or more of devices 102 and/or 140 may bedistributed among multiple or separate devices.

Processor 191 and/or processor 181 includes, for example, a CentralProcessing Unit (CPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), one or moreprocessor cores, a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, amultiple-core processor, a microprocessor, a host processor, acontroller, a plurality of processors or controllers, a chip, amicrochip, one or more circuits, circuitry, a logic unit, an IntegratedCircuit (IC), an Application-Specific IC (ASIC), or any other suitablemulti-purpose or specific processor or controller. Processor 191executes instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) ofdevice 102 and/or of one or more suitable applications. Processor 181executes instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) ofdevice 140 and/or of one or more suitable applications.

Input unit 192 and/or input unit 182 includes, for example, a keyboard,a keypad, a mouse, a touch-screen, a touch-pad, a track-ball, a stylus,a microphone, or other suitable pointing device or input device. Outputunit 193 and/or output unit 183 includes, for example, a monitor, ascreen, a touch-screen, a flat panel display, a Light Emitting Diode(LED) display unit, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) display unit, aplasma display unit, one or more audio speakers or earphones, or othersuitable output devices.

Memory unit 194 and/or memory unit 184 includes, for example, a RandomAccess Memory (RAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), aSynchronous DRAM (SD-RAM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, anon-volatile memory, a cache memory, a buffer, a short term memory unit,a long term memory unit, or other suitable memory units. Storage unit195 and/or storage unit 185 includes, for example, a hard disk drive, afloppy disk drive, a Compact Disk (CD) drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVDdrive, or other suitable removable or non-removable storage units.Memory unit 194 and/or storage unit 195, for example, may store dataprocessed by device 102. Memory unit 184 and/or storage unit 185, forexample, may store data processed by device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102and/or 140 may be capable of communicating content, data, informationand/or signals via a wireless medium (WM) 103. In some demonstrativeembodiments, wireless medium 103 may include, for example, a radiochannel, a cellular channel, an RF channel, a WLAN channel, a WirelessFidelity (WiFi) channel, an IR channel, a Bluetooth (BT) channel, aGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Channel, and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WM 103 may include a directionalchannel. For example, WM 103 may include a millimeter-wave (mmWave)wireless communication channel.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WM 103 may include a DMG channel. Inother embodiments, WM 103 may include any other additional oralternative directional channel.

In other embodiments, WM 103 may include any other type of channel overany other frequency band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may performthe functionality of one or more wireless stations, e.g. as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may performthe functionality of one or more DMG stations.

In other embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may perform thefunctionality of any other wireless device and/or station, e.g., a WLANSTA, a WiFi STA, and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may includeone or more radios including circuitry and/or logic to perform wirelesscommunication between devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other wirelesscommunication devices. For example, device 102 may include a radio 114,and/or device 140 may include a radio 144.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include oneor more wireless receivers (Rx) including circuitry and/or logic toreceive wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks,transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data. Forexample, radio 114 may include a receiver 116, and/or radio 144 mayinclude a receiver 146.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include oneor more wireless transmitters (Tx) including circuitry and/or logic tosend wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks,transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data. Forexample, radio 114 may include a transmitter 118, and/or radio 144 mayinclude a transmitter 148.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may includecircuitry, logic, modulation elements, demodulation elements,amplifiers, analog to digital and digital to analog converters, filters,and/or the like. For example, radios 114 and/or 144 may include or maybe implemented as part of a wireless Network Interface Card (NIC), andthe like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include, ormay be associated with, one or more antennas 107 and/or 147,respectively.

In one example, device 102 may include a single antenna 107. In otherexample, device 102 may include two or more antennas 107.

In one example, device 140 may include a single antenna 147. In otherexample, device 140 may include two or more antennas 147.

Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any type of antennas suitable fortransmitting and/or receiving wireless communication signals, blocks,frames, transmission streams, packets, messages and/or data. Forexample, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any suitable configuration,structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements,components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. Antennas 107 and/or 147 mayinclude, for example, antennas suitable for directional communication,e.g., using beamforming techniques. For example, antennas 107 and/or 147may include a phased array antenna, a multiple element antenna, a set ofswitched beam antennas, and/or the like. In some embodiments, antennas107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities usingseparate transmit and receive antenna elements. In some embodiments,antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receiveelements.

In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include adirectional antenna, which may be steered to a plurality of beamdirections.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a controller124, and/or device 140 may include a controller 154. Controllers 124and/or 154 may be configured to perform one or more communications,operations and/or procedures between devices 102 and 140, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controllers 124 and/or 154 mayinclude circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors includingcircuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, a processingsystem including circuitry and/or logic, Media-Access Control (MAC)circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic,and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform thefunctionality of controllers 124 and/or 154. Additionally oralternatively, one or more functionalities of controllers 124 and/or 154may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/orone or more processors, e.g., as described below.

In one example, controller 124 may include one or more processorsincluding circuitry and/or logic to cause a wireless device, e.g.,device 102, and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implementedby device 102, to perform one or more operations, communications and/orfunctionalities, e.g., as described herein.

In one example, controller 154 may include one or more processorsincluding circuitry and/or logic to cause a wireless device, e.g.,device 140, and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implementedby device 140, to perform one or more operations, communications and/orfunctionalities, e.g., as described herein.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a messageprocessor 128 configured to generate, process and/or access one ormessages communicated by device 102.

In one example, message processor 128 may be configured to generate oneor more messages to be transmitted by device 102, message processor 128may be configured to process transmission of one or more messagestransmitted by device 102, message processor 128 may be configured toprocess reception of one or more messages received by device 102, and/ormessage processor 128 may be configured to access and/or to process oneor more messages received by device 102, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may include a messageprocessor 158 configured to generate, process and/or access one ormessages communicated by device 140.

In one example, message processor 158 may be configured to generate oneor more messages to be transmitted by device 140, message processor 158may be configured to process transmission of one or more messagestransmitted by device 140, message processor 158 may be configured toprocess reception of one or more messages received by device 140, and/ormessage processor 158 may be configured to access and/or to process oneor more messages received by device 140, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, message processors 128 and/or 158 mayinclude circuitry and/or logic, e.g., processor circuitry and/or logic,memory circuitry and/or logic, a processing system including circuitryand/or logic, Media-Access Control (MAC) circuitry and/or logic,Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic, and/or any other circuitryand/or logic configured to perform the functionality of messageprocessors 128 and/or 158. Additionally or alternatively, one or morefunctionalities of message processors 128 and/or 158 may be implementedby logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or moreprocessors, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofmessage processor 128 may be implemented as part of radio 114, and/or atleast part of the functionality of message processor 158 may beimplemented as part of radio 144.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofmessage processor 128 may be implemented as part of controller 124,and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 maybe implemented as part of controller 154.

In other embodiments, the functionality of message processor 128 may beimplemented as part of any other element of device 102, and/or thefunctionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of anyother element of device 104.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to perform the functionality of an access point (AP), e.g., aDMG AP, and/or a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP),e.g., a DMG PCP, for example, an AP/PCP STA, e.g., a DMG AP/PCP DMG STA.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to perform the functionality of a non-AP STA, e.g., a DMGnon-AP STA, and/or a non-PCP STA, e.g., a DMG non-PCP STA, for example,a non-AP/PCP STA, e.g., a DMG non-AP/PCP STA.

In one example, a station (STA) may include a logical entity that is asingly addressable instance of a medium access control (MAC) andphysical layer (PHY) interface to the wireless medium (WM). The STA mayperform any other additional or alternative functionality.

In one example, an AP may include an entity that contains a station(STA), e.g., one STA, and provides access to distribution services, viathe wireless medium (WM) for associated STAs. The AP may perform anyother additional or alternative functionality.

In one example, a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP)may include an entity that contains a STA, e.g., one station (STA), andcoordinates access to the wireless medium (WM) by STAs that are membersof a PBSS. The PCP may perform any other additional or alternativefunctionality.

In one example, a PBSS may include a directional multi-gigabit (DMG)basic service set (BSS) that includes, for example, one PBSS controlpoint (PCP). For example, access to a distribution system (DS) may notbe present, but, for example, an intra-PBSS forwarding service mayoptionally be present.

In one example, a PCP/AP STA may include a station (STA) that is atleast one of a PCP or an AP. The PCP/AP STA may perform any otheradditional or alternative functionality.

In one example, a non-AP STA may include a STA that is not containedwithin an AP. The non-AP STA may perform any other additional oralternative functionality.

In one example, a non-PCP STA may include a STA that is not a PCP. Thenon-PCP STA may perform any other additional or alternativefunctionality.

In one example, a non PCP/AP STA may include a STA that is not a PCP andthat is not an AP. The non-PCP/AP STA may perform any other additionalor alternative functionality.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and 140 may be configuredto perform operations of dynamic scheduling, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, dynamic scheduling of an allocatedtime may be provided to a station, for example, using a Grant frame,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause radio 114 togenerate, process and/or transmit a grant frame, e.g., to device 140,for example, to dynamically allocate a time period, e.g., to device 140,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 144 may receive the grantframe, and controller 154 may process the grant frame, and may performone or more operations according to the contents of the grant frame. Forexample, controller 154 may control communications by device 140according to the allocated time period allocated by the grant frame. Inone example, controller 154 may cause device 140 to communicate duringthe allocated time period, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the Grant frame may be generatedand/or transmitted by an AP, a PCP, an AP/PCP STA, a non-AP STA, anon-PCP STA, and/or a non-AP/PCP STA.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the Grant frame may be addressed to,received by, and/or processed by, an AP, a PCP, an AP/PCP STA, a non-APSTA, a non-PCP STA, and/or a non-AP/PCP STA.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the Grant frame may include aDuration field and an Allocated duration field, e.g., as described belowwith reference to FIG. 3 and/or FIG. 4.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the duration field may, for example,indicate a duration, which may, for example, cover a time, e.g., inmicroseconds.

In other embodiments, the duration field may include any other durationand/or may represent any other time units.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the allocation duration field mayindicate an allocated time, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, in some scenarios, use cases and/orimplementations, a grant frame may include an Allocation duration fieldset to indicate an allocated time size, and the Duration field of thegrant frame may be set to indicate a point in time, where the allocatedtime size indicated in the Allocation duration field may start, e.g., adescribed below.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an allocation duration beginningat an end of a duration indicated by a duration field of a grant frame,in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 2., a first device (STA A) may have a duration(“duration”) 202, during which the STA A may transmit a transmission,e.g., an Aggregate Media access control protocol data unit (A-MPDU) 204,to a second device (STA B).

As shown in FIG. 2, the STA A may transmit a grant frame 206, e.g., tothe STA B.

As shown in FIG. 2, the STA A and/or STA B may set a grant allocationduration 210 to begin at an end of a time period 208 (“grant duration”)indicated by a duration field of the grant frame 206.

As shown in FIG. 2, the Grant duration 208 may be set to end at an endof the duration 202. Accordingly, the allocation duration 210 may beginat the end of the duration 202.

In some demonstrative embodiments, defining the duration field of agrant frame to indicate a time at which an allocated time size indicatedin an Allocation duration field of the grant frame may start my not besuitable for some use cases, scenarios, and/or implementations, e.g., asdescribed below.

Referring back to FIG. 1, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured touse a grant frame to perform dynamic allocation within a TransmitOpportunity (“TxOP” or “TXOP”) or a Service Period (SP), e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate a grant frame during a Contention based AccessPeriod (CBAP).

In some demonstrative embodiments, the grant frame may be transmittedduring a TxOP. For example, the grant frame may be transmitted from aTxOP holder station to a TxOP responder station. In one example, device102 may perform the functionality of the TxOP holder station, and/ordevice 140 may perform the functionality of the TxOP responder station.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to use the grant frame, for example, during a CBAP, forexample, to grant an allocation beyond a current TxOP, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to use the grant frame, for example, during a CBAP, forexample, to grant an allocation within a current TxOP, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate the grant frame during a Service Period (SP).For example, the grant frame may be transmitted from a Source STA of theSP to a destination station of the SP. In one example, device 102 mayperform the functionality of the source STA, and/or device 140 mayperform the functionality of the destination station.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to use the grant frame, for example, during a SP, forexample, to grant an allocation within a current SP, e.g., as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to perform dynamic allocation within a TxOP or a SP, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and 140 may be configuredto reschedule, e.g., relinquish, a remainder of a TXOP or a SP, forexample, using a grant frame, e.g., as described below.

In one example, device 102 may be the holder of a TXOP. Controller 124may be configured to reschedule, e.g., relinquish, a remainder of theTXOP, for example, to another device, e.g., to device 140, for example,if device 102 has no additional data to be transmitted during the TxOP,or for any other reason.

In one example, controller 124 may cause radio 144 to transmit, e.g., todevice 140, a grant frame configured to reschedule, e.g., relinquish, atleast part of the TxOP, e.g., a remainder of the TxOP, to anotherdevice, e.g., to device 140, as described below.

In one example, device 102 may be the source STA of a SP. Controller 124may be configured to reschedule, e.g., relinquish, a remainder of theSP, for example, to another device, e.g., to device 140, for example, ifdevice 102 has no additional data to be transmitted during the SP, orfor any other reason.

In one example, controller 124 may cause radio 114 to transmit, e.g., todevice 140, a grant frame configured to reschedule, e.g., relinquish, atleast part of the SP, e.g., a remainder of the SP, to another device,e.g., to device 140, as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, when rescheduling at least part ofthe TXOP or the SP, the grant frame may be configured to allocate timewithin the TxOP or SP, e.g., while not allocating time in addition tothe existent TxOP or SP.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the duration field of the grant framemay be set to point to an end of the TxOP or SP.

In some demonstrative embodiments, defining the allocated time of theAllocation Duration field of the grant frame to begin at the end of thetime period indicated by the duration field of the grant frame, e.g., asdescribed above, may not enable device 102 to communicate to device 140that the remainder of the TxOP or SP is to be rescheduled, e.g., if theduration field points to end of the TxOP or SP. Current versions ofprotocols and/or standards, for example, IEEE 802.11ad-2012 and/or IEEE802.11REVmc, do not provide a solution for this situation.

In some demonstrative embodiments, setting the duration field to coverthe dynamically allocated time, e.g., and not the start of the dynamicallocation, may not provide an efficient solution in some scenarios, usecases and/or implementations, for example, when the allocated time maystart at an end of the time presented in the duration field.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and 140 may be configuredto use a predefined value, e.g., a reserved value, in the Allocationduration field of the grant frame, for example, instead of a valueindicating a size of an allocated duration, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, when using the grant frame during aTXOP, the predefined value, e.g., the reserved value, may be configuredto indicate that a remainder of the TxOP is to be rescheduled, forexample, from a transmitter of the grant frame to a receiver of thegrant frame, for example, if the grant frame is transmitted during theTXOP.

In one example, controller 124 may address the grant frame to device140, and may set the Allocation duration field of the grant frame to thepredefined value, for example, to indicate that a remainder of the TxOPis to be rescheduled, e.g., relinquished, to device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, when the allocation is out of theTxOP, the allocation may start at the sum of the value in the Durationfield (“duration value”) and the value in the Allocation Duration field(“allocation duration value”), e.g., as described below.

In one example, controller 124 may address the grant frame to device140, and may set the Allocation duration field of the grant frame to avalue other than the predefined value, for example, to indicate anactual size, e.g., in microseconds, of a period to be allocatedfollowing the duration indicated by the duration field of the grantframe, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, when using the grant frame during aSP, the predefined value, e.g., the reserved value, may be configured toindicate that a remainder of the SP is to be rescheduled, for example,from a transmitter of the grant frame to a receiver of the grant frame,for example, if the grant frame is transmitted during the SP.

In one example, controller 124 may address the grant frame to device140, and may set the Allocation duration field of the grant frame to thepredefined value, for example, to indicate that a remainder of the SP isto be rescheduled, e.g., relinquished, to device 140.

Reference is made to FIG. 3, which schematically illustrates a grantframe 300, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. Forexample, the grant frame 300 may be transmitted from a first device,e.g., device 102 (FIG. 1), to a second device, e.g., device 140 (FIG.1).

As shown in FIG. 3, grant frame 300 may include a duration field 302(also referred to as “Duration/ID field”), a receive address (RA) field304, a transmit address (TA) field, 306 and a dynamic allocationinformation (info) field 308.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the RA field 304 may include, forexample, an address, e.g., a MAC address, of a station to receive thegrant frame 300, e.g., device 140 (FIG. 1), and the TA field mayinclude, for example, an address, e.g., a MAC address, of a stationtransmitting the grant frame 300, e.g., device 102 (FIG. 1).

Reference is also made to FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of adynamic allocation information field 400, in accordance with somedemonstrative embodiments. For example, dynamic allocation informationfield 400 may perform the functionality of the dynamic allocation infofield 308 (FIG. 3).

In some demonstrative embodiments, dynamic allocation field 400 mayinclude an Allocation type field 409, which may be set, for example, todefine a channel access mechanism during an allocation to be granted bygrant frame 300 (FIG. 3). In one example, Allocation type field 409 maybe set to a first value, e.g., to indicate a SP, or to a second value,e.g., to indicate a CBAP.

In some demonstrative embodiments, dynamic allocation information field400 may include a Source Association Identifier (AID) field 410, whichmay be set to identify a STA that is to be a source of an allocation,e.g., to be granted by grant frame 300 (FIG. 3).

In some demonstrative embodiments, dynamic allocation information field400 may include a Destination AID field 412, which may be set toidentify a STA that is to be a destination of the allocation, e.g., tobe granted by grant frame 300 (FIG. 3).

In some demonstrative embodiments, dynamic allocation information field400 may include an Allocation duration subfield 402, e.g., as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, when an Dynamic Allocation Infosubfield, e.g., Dynamic allocation subfield 400, is transmitted within aGrant frame, e.g., grant frame 300 (FIG. 3), the Allocation Durationsubfield, e.g., Allocation Duration subfield 402, may be set to contain,for example, a granted duration, for example, of an allocated time,e.g., of a Service Period (SP) allocation or Contention Based AccessPeriod (CBAP) allocation, e.g., in microseconds.

In some demonstrative embodiments, Allocation Duration subfield 402 maybe configured to include a duration value, e.g., in microseconds, whichmay be selected, for example, from a predefined a range of values(“possible values”).

In one example, possible values of Allocation Duration subfield 402 mayrange, for example, from 0 to 32767, e.g., for a CBAP allocation. Inother embodiments, the value of Allocation Duration subfield 402 may beset within any other predefined range of values.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the Allocation Duration field 402 fora CBAP allocation may be limited by a limit of the TxOP, e.g., duringwhich the grant frame is transmitted.

In some demonstrative embodiments, Allocation Duration subfield 402 maybe configured to include a predefined value, which may not be in therange of possible values, for example, to indicate that the grant frame300 (FIG. 3) is to be used to reschedule, e.g., relinquish, a TxOP or aSP, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, if a value, for example, which is notin the range of possible values, e.g., a value of 32768, is set in theAllocation Duration subfield 402 transmitted within a Grant frame 300(FIG. 3), then a dynamical allocation may start after, for example, aShort Inter Frame Space (SIFS) after, the sent Grant frame 300 (FIG. 3),or a SIFS after a sent Grant Acknowledge (Ack) frame, e.g., if a GrantAck Supported field is equal to 1 in a responder's DMG Capabilitieselement.

In some demonstrative embodiments, if the value of 32768 in theAllocation Duration subfield 402 is transmitted within the Grant frame300 then, for example, the dynamical allocation may continue, forexample, until expiration of the duration presented in the Duration/IDfield of the Grant frame, e.g., duration field 302 (FIG. 3) of grantframe 300 (FIG. 3).

In some demonstrative embodiments, a value of “0” in the AllocationDuration subfield 402 transmitted within a Grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) maymean, for example, that the STA can transmit one PPDU followed by anyrelevant acknowledgment plus one Request to Send (RTS)/DMG Clear to Send(CTS) handshake.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the Allocation Duration subfield 402of a grant frame, e.g., grant frame 300 (FIG. 3), transmitted in TxOP ora SP, may be set to the predefined value, e.g., the value of 32768, forexample, to indicate that the grant frame is to be used to relinquish aremainder of the TxOP or SP, e.g., as described below.

Reference is made to FIG. 5, which schematically illustrates a dynamicallocation of a Transmit Opportunity (TxOP), in accordance with somedemonstrative embodiments.

Some demonstrative embodiments are described below with respect tooperations and/or communications configured to relinquish a remainder ofa TXOP, e.g., as described below with reference to FIG. 5. In otherembodiments, one or more of the operations and/or communications may beimplemented, for example, to relinquish a remainder of a SP, or anyother period or allocation.

As shown in FIG. 5, a first device (STA A), e.g., device 102 (FIG. 1),may be a TxOP holder of a TxOP 501. For example, the STA A may transmita Request to Send (RTS) frame 502, or any other transmission configuredto obtain TxOP 501. The STA B may respond to the RTS 502 with a Clear toSend (CTS) frame 504, or any other frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the TxOP 501 may be within a CBAP.

As shown in FIG. 5, STA A may transmit a data frame, e.g., an A-MPDU506, to STA B, and STA B may respond with a Block Acknowledge (BACK)508.

As shown in FIG. 5, the STA A may transmit a grant frame 510, e.g., tothe STA B.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may set thepredefined value, e.g., the value of 32768, in the Allocation Durationfield, e.g., allocation duration field 402 (FIG. 4), of the grant frame510. The predefined value may be configured, for example, to be outsidethe range of possible values, e.g., the range 0-32767, which may be usedto indicate an allocated duration of a time period, e.g., as describedabove.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may set theAllocation duration field 402 (FIG. 4) of Grant frame 510 to thepredefined value of 32768, for example, to indicate that the remainder507 of the TxOP 501, e.g., as indicated in the Duration field 302 (FIG.3) of the Grant frame 510, is to be reallocated, e.g., relinquished, forexample, from STA A to STA B, for example, such that the STA B maybecome the TXOP holder and the STA A may become the TXOP responder.

For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the STA B may be allowed to transmit atransmission, e.g., an A-MPDU 512, to STA A, and STA A may respond witha BACK 514.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, device 102may transmit a grant frame, e.g., grant frame 300 (FIG. 3), for example,during a CBAP.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the grant frame may include anAllocation duration field, e.g., Allocation duration field 402 (FIG. 4),which may be set to indicate a purpose of the grant frame transmission,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, when a Dynamic Allocation Infosubfield, e.g., the Dynamic Allocation Info subfield 308 (FIG. 3) offrame 300 (FIG. 3), is transmitted within a Grant frame of a CBAP, e.g.,grant frame 300 (FIG. 3), the value of the Allocation Duration field,e.g., duration allocation field 402 (FIG. 4), may indicate a purpose ofthe Grant frame transmission.

In some demonstrative embodiments, two purposes may be possible for theGrant frame transmission, e.g., as follows:

a) Beyond current TXOP: in this case, the Allocation Duration fieldvalues range from 0 to 32 767. The value of the Allocation Durationfield plus the Duration field of the Grant frame indicates the timeoffset from the PHY-TXEND.indication primitive of the Grant frame whenthe STA transmitting the Grant frame will attempt to initiate access forcommunication with the STA indicated by the RA field of the Grant frame.b) Within same TXOP: in this case, the Allocation Duration subfield isset to 32 768.

In one example, device 102 may transmit grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) togrant an allocation after a current TxOP, e.g., as described above.According to this example, device 102 may set the grant frame 300 (FIG.3) to include the Allocation Duration field 402 (FIG. 4) set to a valuewithin a predefined range of values, e.g., within the range of thevalues between 0 and 32 767.

According to this example, a beginning of the granted allocation may bedetermined, for example, based on a sum of the value of the Allocationduration field 402 (FIG. 4) and the value of the duration field 302(FIG. 3) of the grant frame 300 (FIG. 3). For example, the sum of thevalue of the Allocation duration field 402 (FIG. 4) and the value of theduration field 302 (FIG. 3) of the grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) may indicatea time offset from a PHY-TXEND.indication primitive of the Grant frame300 (FIG. 3), when the STA transmitting the Grant frame 300 (FIG. 3),e.g., device 102, is to attempt to initiate access for communicationwith the STA indicated by the RA field 304 (FIG. 3) of the Grant frame300 (FIG. 3), e.g., device 140. Additionally or alternatively, forexample, the sum of the value of the Allocation duration field 402 (FIG.4) and the value of the duration field 302 (FIG. 3) of the grant frame300 (FIG. 3) may indicate a time offset from a PHY-TXEND.indicationprimitive of the Grant frame 300 (FIG. 3), when the STA transmitting theGrant frame 300 (FIG. 3), e.g., device 102, may be ready to receive atransmission attempt from the STA indicated by the RA field 304 (FIG. 3)of the Grant frame 300 (FIG. 3), e.g., device 140.

In another example, device 102 may transmit grant frame 300 (FIG.3),e.g., to device 140, for example, to grant an allocation within thesame current TxOP, e.g., as described above.

According to this example, device 102 may set the grant frame 300 (FIG.3) to include the Allocation Duration field 402 (FIG. 4) set to apredefined value, which is not within the predefined range of values,e.g., the value 32 768. According to this example, the predefined valueof the Allocation duration field 402 (FIG. 4) may indicate that aremainder of the TxOP is to be relinquished, for example, to device 140,e.g., as described above.

In some demonstrative embodiments, any other additional or alternativepurposes may be defined for the grant frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may transmit a grantframe, e.g., grant frame 300 (FIG. 3), for example, during a SP.

In some demonstrative embodiments, when the Dynamic Allocation Infosubfield is transmitted within a Grant frame by a source STA of an SP,the Allocation Duration subfield is set to 32768.

In one example, device 102 may perform the functionality of a source STAof an SP. Device 102 may transmit grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) including theDynamic Allocation Info subfield 308 (FIG. 3) including the AllocationDuration subfield 402 (FIG. 4) set to 32768.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate the grant frame 300 (FIG. 3), for example, toallocate a Grant Period (GP).

In some demonstrative embodiments, during an SP between a source DMGSTA, e.g., device 102, and a destination DMG STA, e.g., device 140, thesource DMG STA may transmit a Grant frame, e.g., grant frame 300 (FIG.3), to the destination DMG STA, for example, to relinquish the remainderof the SP to the destination DMG STA.

In some demonstrative embodiments, in the Allocation Info field of thetransmitted Grant frame, e.g., Allocation Info field 308 (FIG. 3) ofgrant frame 300 (FIG. 3), the source DMG STA shall set the source AIDfield, e.g., source AID field 410 (FIG. 4), to the AID of thedestination DMG STA, the destination AID field, e.g., destination AIDfield 412 (FIG. 4), to the AID of the source DMG STA, the AllocationType field, e.g., Allocation Type field 409 (FIG. 4), set to indicateSP, and the Duration field, e.g., duration field 302 (FIG. 3), set tothe time remaining in the SP minus TXTIME (Grant frame) minus a ShortInter Frame Space (SIFS) Time.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the Allocation Duration field, e.g.,Allocation Duration field 402 (FIG. 4), in the Grant frame, e.g., grantframe 300 (FIG. 3), shall be set as defined above, e.g., to the value32768.

In some demonstrative embodiments, upon transmission of the Grant framewith the Beamforming Training field equal to 0, for the remainder of theSP the roles of source DMG STA and destination DMG STA are swappedbetween the STAs.

In some demonstrative embodiments, during a TxOP between a TXOP holder,e.g., device 102, and a TXOP responder, e.g., device 140, the TXOPholder may transmit a Grant frame, e.g., grant frame 300 (FIG. 3), tothe TXOP responder to relinquish the remainder of the TXOP to the TXOPresponder.

In some demonstrative embodiments, in the transmitted Grant frame, e.g.,grant frame 300 (FIG. 3), the TXOP holder shall set a source AID field,e.g., source AID field 410 (FIG. 4), to the AID of the TXOP responder,the destination AID field, e.g., destination AID field 412 (FIG. 4), tothe AID of the TXOP holder, the Allocation Type field, e.g., Allocationtype field 409 (FIG. 4), set to indicate CBAP, and the Duration field,e.g., duration field 302 (FIG. 3), set to the time remaining in the TXOPminus TXTIME (Grant frame) minus a Short Inter Frame Space (SIFS) Time.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the Allocation Duration field, e.g.,allocation duration field 402 (FIG. 4), in the Grant frame shall be set,for example, as described above. For example, the Allocation Durationfield 402 (FIG. 4) in the Grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) may be set to thepredefined value, e.g., 32 768, for example, to indicate the grant frame300 (FIG. 3) is to relinquish the remainder of the TxOP to the TxOPresponder, e.g., as described above.

In some demonstrative embodiments, upon transmission of the Grant framewith a Beamforming Training field equal to 0, for the remainder the TxOPthe roles of TXOP holder and TXOP responder are swapped between theSTAs.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause a firstwireless station implemented by device 102 to generate a grant frame,e.g., grant frame 300 (FIG. 3), including a duration field, e.g.,duration field 302 (FIG. 3), and a dynamic allocation information field,e.g., dynamic allocation info field 400 (FIG. 4), including anallocation duration subfield, e.g., allocation duration subfield 402(FIG. 4), being set to a value within a predefined range of values,e.g., the range 0-32767, for example, when the grant frame is to grantto a second wireless station, e.g., device 140, a period after a TxOP,e.g., as described above.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the firstwireless station implemented by device 102 to generate the grant frameincluding the allocation duration subfield, e.g., allocation durationsubfield 402 (FIG. 4), being set to a predefined value, e.g., the value32768, which is not within the predefined range of values, for example,when the grant frame is to grant to the second wireless station, e.g.,device 140, a period within the TxOP, e.g., as described above.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may causer the firstwireless station to transmit the grant frame during the TxOP, e.g., viaradio 114.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the firstwireless station to transmit the grant frame in a CBAP, e.g., asdescribed above.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the firstwireless station to operate as a holder of the TxOP, e.g., as describedabove.

For example, controller 124 may cause device 102 to transmit the grantframe 300 (FIG. 3) including the allocation duration subfield 402 (FIG.4) set to the predefined value, e.g., 32628, for example, to indicatethat a remainder of the TxOP is to be relinquished from the TxOP holderto a TxOP responder, e.g., device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the firstwireless station to set a value of the duration field 302 (FIG. 3) to aresult of subtracting from a time remaining in the TxOP a transmit timeof the grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) and a Short Inter Frame Space (SIFS)time, e.g., as described above.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the firstwireless station to set the allocation duration subfield to the valuewithin the predefined range of values, e.g., to a value within the range0-32627, to indicate that the first wireless station is to attempt toinitiate access to communicate with the second wireless station, e.g.,device 140, at a time which is based on a sum of the value of theallocation duration subfield 402 (FIG. 4) and a value of the durationfield 302 (FIG. 3), e.g., as described above.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause the secondwireless station, e.g., which may be implemented by device 140, toprocess a reception of the grant frame from the first wireless station.For example, controller 154 may cause radio 144 and/or message processor158 to process the reception of the grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) includingthe dynamic allocation subfield 402 (FIG. 4) set to the value within thepredefined range of values, when the grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) is togrant the period after the TxOP, or including the allocation durationsubfield 402 (FIG. 4) set to the predefined value which is not withinthe predefined range of values, when the grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) is togrant the period within the TxOP, e.g., as described above.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause the secondwireless station, e.g., which may be implemented by device 140, to,based on the allocation duration subfield, process a communication inthe period after the TxOP or in the period within the TxOP, e.g., asdescribed above.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause a firstwireless station implemented by device 102 to generate a grant frame,e.g., grant frame 300 (FIG. 3), including a duration field, e.g.,duration field 302 (FIG. 3), and a dynamic allocation information field,e.g., dynamic allocation info field 400 (FIG. 4), including anallocation duration subfield, e.g., allocation duration subfield 402(FIG. 4), being set to a predefined value, e.g., the value 32768, andthe duration field, e.g., duration field 302 (FIG. 3), being set to aresult of subtracting from a time remaining in a SP a transmit time ofthe grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) and a SIFS, for example, the differencebetween the time remaining in the SP and the sum of the transmit time ofthe grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) and a SIFS, e.g., as described above.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the firstwireless station to transmit the grant frame during the SP, e.g., viaradio 114.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may cause the firstwireless station to operate as a source station of the SP, and torelinquish a remainder of the SP from the source station to adestination station of the SP, e.g., a second wireless stationimplemented by device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause the secondwireless station, e.g., which may be implemented by device 140, toprocess a reception of the grant frame from the first wireless station.For example, controller 154 may cause radio 144 and/or message processor158 to process the reception of the grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) includingthe dynamic allocation subfield 402 (FIG. 4) set to the predefinedvalue, e.g., 32768, for example, during the SP, e.g., as describedabove.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 may cause the secondwireless station, e.g., which may be implemented by device 140, toperform the role of the source station of the SP for a remainder of theSP, e.g., as described above.

Reference is made to FIG. 6, which schematically illustrates a method ofdynamic allocation using a grant frame, in accordance with somedemonstrative embodiments. For example, one or more of the operations ofthe method of FIG. 6 may be performed by one or more elements of asystem, e.g., system 100 (FIG. 1), for example, one or more wirelessdevices, e.g., device 102 (FIG. 1) and/or device 140 (FIG. 1), acontroller, e.g., controller 124 (FIG. 1) and/or controller 154 (FIG.1), a radio, e.g., radio 114 (FIG. 1) and/or radio 144 (FIG. 1), and/ora message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (FIG. 1) and/or messageprocessor 158 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more operations of the methodof FIG. 6 may be performed during a TxOP, e.g., within a CBAP.

As indicated at block 602, the method may include generating a grantframe including a duration field and a dynamic allocation informationfield, the dynamic allocation information field including an allocationduration subfield. For example, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may causemessage processor 128 (FIG. 1) to generate grant frame 300 (FIG. 3),e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 603, the method may include setting the grantframe to grant to a second wireless station a period after the TxOP.

As indicated at block 604, the method may include setting the allocationduration subfield to a value within a predefined range of values, forexample, when the grant frame is to grant to the second wireless stationthe period after the TxOP. For example, controller 124 (FIG. 1) maycause message processor 128 (FIG. 1) to set the allocation durationsubfield 402 (FIG. 4) to a value within the range of values 0-32627, forexample, when the grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) is to grant to the secondwireless station the period after the TxOP, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 605, the method may include setting the grantframe to grant to the second wireless station a period within the TxOP.

As indicated at block 606, the method may include setting the allocationduration subfield to a predefined value, which is not within thepredefined range of values, for example, when the grant frame is togrant to the second wireless station a period within the TxOP. Forexample, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may cause message processor 128(FIG. 1) to set the allocation duration subfield 402 (FIG. 4) to thevalue 32628, for example, when the grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) is to grantto a second wireless station a period within the TxOP, e.g., asdescribed above.

As indicated at block 608, the method may include setting a value of theduration field to a result of subtracting from a time remaining in theTxOP a transmit time of the grant frame and a Short Inter Frame Space(SIFS) time. For example, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may cause messageprocessor 128 (FIG. 1) to set the duration field 302 (FIG. 3) to aresult of subtracting from a time remaining in the TxOP a transmit timeof the grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) and a SIFS, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 610, the method may include transmitting the grantframe during the TxOP. For example, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may causeradio 114 (FIG. 1) to transmit the grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) during theTxOP, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 612, the method may include processing receptionof the grant frame during the TxOP. For example, controller 154 (FIG. 1)may cause radio 144 (FIG. 1) to process reception the grant frame 300(FIG. 3) during the TxOP, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 614, the method may include processingcommunication in the period after the TxOP or in the period within theTxOP, for example, based on the allocation duration subfield. Forexample, controller 154 (FIG. 1) may cause wireless communication device140 (FIG. 1) to process communication in the period after the TxOP or inthe period within the TxOP, for example, based on the allocationduration subfield 402 (FIG. 4) of the received grant frame 300 (FIG. 3),e.g., as described above.

Reference is made to FIG. 7, which schematically illustrates a method ofdynamic allocation using a grant frame, in accordance with somedemonstrative embodiments. For example, one or more of the operations ofthe method of FIG. 7 may be performed by one or more elements of asystem, e.g., system 100 (FIG. 1), for example, one or more wirelessdevices, e.g., device 102 (FIG. 1) and/or device 140 (FIG. 1), acontroller, e.g., controller 124 (FIG. 1) and/or controller 154 (FIG.1), a radio, e.g., radio 114 (FIG. 1) and/or radio 144 (FIG. 1), and/ora message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (FIG. 1) and/or messageprocessor 158 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more operations of the methodof FIG. 6 may be performed during a SP.

As indicated at block 702, the method may include generating a grantframe including a duration field and a dynamic allocation informationfield, the dynamic allocation information field including an allocationduration subfield. For example, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may causemessage processor 128 (FIG. 1) to generate grant frame 300 (FIG. 3),e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 704, the method may include setting the allocationduration subfield to a predefined value, and setting the duration fieldto a result of subtracting from a time remaining in the SP a transmittime of the grant frame and a SIFS time. For example, controller 124(FIG. 1) may cause message processor 128 (FIG. 1) to set the allocationduration subfield 402 (FIG. 4) to the value 32628, and to set the valueof duration field 302 (FIG. 3) to a result of subtracting from a timeremaining in the SP a transmit time of the grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) anda SIFS time, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 706, the method may include transmitting the grantframe during the SP. For example, controller 124 (FIG. 1) may causeradio 114 (FIG. 1) to transmit the grant frame 300 (FIG. 3) during theSP, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 708, the method may include processing receptionof the grant frame during the SP. For example, controller 154 (FIG. 1)may cause radio 144 (FIG. 1) to process reception the grant frame 300(FIG. 3) during the SP, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 710, the method may include performing the role ofa source station of the SP for a remainder of the SP. For example,controller 154 (FIG. 1) may cause wireless communication device 140(FIG. 1) to perform the role of a source station of the SP for aremainder of the SP e.g., as described above.

Reference is made to FIG. 8, which schematically illustrates a productof manufacture 800, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.Product 800 may include a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium802 to store logic 804, which may be used, for example, to perform atleast part of the functionality of devices 102 and/or 140 (FIG. 1),transmitters 118 and/or 148 (FIG. 1), receivers 116 and/or 146 (FIG. 1),controllers 124 and/or 154 (FIG. 1), message processors 128 and/or 158(FIG. 1) and/or to perform one or more operations and/or communicationsdescribed above with reference to FIGS. 5, 6 and/or 7. The phrase“non-transitory machine-readable medium” is directed to include allcomputer-readable media, with the sole exception being a transitorypropagating signal.

In some demonstrative embodiments, product 800 and/or machine-readablestorage medium 802 may include one or more types of computer-readablestorage media capable of storing data, including volatile memory,non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable ornon-erasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and the like. Forexample, machine-readable storage medium 802 may include, RAM, DRAM,Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDR-DRAM), SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), ROM,programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electricallyerasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), Compact Disk ROM (CD-ROM), CompactDisk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), flash memory(e.g., NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM),polymer memory, phase-change memory, ferroelectric memory,silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory, a disk, a floppydisk, a hard drive, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a card, a magneticcard, an optical card, a tape, a cassette, and the like. Thecomputer-readable storage media may include any suitable media involvedwith downloading or transferring a computer program from a remotecomputer to a requesting computer carried by data signals embodied in acarrier wave or other propagation medium through a communication link,e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.

In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 804 may include instructions,data, and/or code, which, if executed by a machine, may cause themachine to perform a method, process and/or operations as describedherein. The machine may include, for example, any suitable processingplatform, computing platform, computing device, processing device,computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like,and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware,software, firmware, and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 804 may include, or may beimplemented as, software, a software module, an application, a program,a subroutine, instructions, an instruction set, computing code, words,values, symbols, and the like. The instructions may include any suitabletype of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code,executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Theinstructions may be implemented according to a predefined computerlanguage, manner or syntax, for instructing a processor to perform acertain function. The instructions may be implemented using any suitablehigh-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/orinterpreted programming language, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Matlab,Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembly language, machine code, and the like.

Examples

The following examples pertain to further embodiments.

Example 1 includes an apparatus comprising one or more processorsincluding circuitry configured to cause a first wireless station togenerate a grant frame including a duration field and a dynamicallocation information field, the dynamic allocation information fieldincluding an allocation duration subfield, the allocation durationsubfield being set to a value within a predefined range of values, whenthe grant frame is to grant to a second wireless station a period aftera Transmit Opportunity (TxOP), the allocation duration subfield beingset to a predefined value which is not within the predefined range ofvalues, when the grant frame is to grant to the second wireless stationa period within the TxOP; and transmit the grant frame during the TxOP.

Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, and optionally,wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the first wireless stationto operate as a holder of the TxOP, the grant frame including theallocation duration subfield set to the predefined value to indicatethat a remainder of the TxOP is to be relinquished from the TxOP holderto a TxOP responder.

Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 2, and optionally,wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the first wireless stationto set a value of the duration field to a result of subtracting from atime remaining in the TxOP a transmit time of the grant frame and aShort Inter Frame Space (SIFS) time.

Example 4 includes the subject matter of Example 1, and optionally,wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the first wireless stationto set the allocation duration subfield to the value within thepredefined range of values to indicate the first wireless station is toattempt to initiate access to communicate with the second wirelessstation at a time which is based on a sum of the value of the allocationduration subfield and a value of the duration field.

Example 5 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-4, andoptionally, wherein the apparatus is to cause the first wireless stationto transmit the grant frame in a Contention Based Access period (CBAP).

Example 6 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-5, andoptionally, wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 7 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-6, andoptionally, wherein the range of values includes the range of 0 to32767.

Example 8 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-7, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Example 9 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-8, andoptionally, including one or more antennas, and a memory.

Example 10 includes an apparatus comprising one or more processorsincluding circuitry configured to cause a first wireless station toprocess a reception of a grant frame from a second wireless station, thegrant frame grant frame including a duration field and a dynamicallocation information field, the dynamic allocation information fieldincluding an allocation duration subfield, the allocation durationsubfield being set to a value within a predefined range of values, whenthe grant frame is to grant a period after a Transmit Opportunity(TxOP), the allocation duration subfield being set to a predefined valuewhich is not within the predefined range of values, when the grant frameis to grant a period within the TxOP; and based on the allocationduration subfield, to process a communication in the period after theTxOP or in the period within the TxOP.

Example 11 includes the subject matter of Example 10, and optionally,wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the first wireless stationto operate as a responder of the TxOP, the grant frame including theallocation duration subfield set to the predefined value to indicatethat a remainder of the TxOP is to be relinquished from a TxOP holder tothe TxOP responder.

Example 12 includes the subject matter of Example 11, and optionally,wherein a value of the duration field is a result of subtracting from atime remaining in the TxOP a transmit time of the grant frame and aShort Inter Frame Space (SIFS) time.

Example 13 includes the subject matter of Example 10, and optionally,wherein allocation duration subfield is set to the value within thepredefined range of values to indicate the second wireless station is toattempt to initiate access to communicate with the first wirelessstation at a time which is based on a sum of the value of the allocationduration subfield and a value of the duration field.

Example 14 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 10-13, andoptionally, wherein the apparatus is to cause the first wireless stationto process reception of the grant frame in a Contention Based Accessperiod (CBAP).

Example 15 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 10-14, andoptionally, wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 16 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 10-15, andoptionally, wherein the range of values includes the range of 0 to32767.

Example 17 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 10-16, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Example 18 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 10-17, andoptionally, including one or more antennas, and a memory.

Example 19 includes an apparatus comprising one or more processorsincluding circuitry configured to cause a first wireless station togenerate a grant frame including a duration field and a dynamicallocation information field, the dynamic allocation information fieldincluding an allocation duration subfield set to a predefined value, theduration field being set to a result of subtracting from a timeremaining in a Service Period (SP) a transmit time of the grant frameand a Short Inter Frame Space time; and transmit the grant frame duringthe SP.

Example 20 includes the subject matter of Example 19, and optionally,wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the first wireless stationto operate as source station of the SP, and to relinquish a remainder ofthe SP from the source station to a destination station of the SP.

Example 21 includes the subject matter of Example 19 or 20, andoptionally, wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 22 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-21, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Example 23 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-22, andoptionally, including one or more antennas, and a memory.

Example 24 includes an apparatus comprising one or more processorsincluding circuitry configured to cause a first wireless station toprocess a reception of a grant frame from a second wireless station, thegrant frame including a duration field and a dynamic allocationinformation field, the dynamic allocation information field including anallocation duration subfield set to a predefined value, the durationfield being set to a result of subtracting from a time remaining in aService Period (SP) a transmit time of the grant frame and a Short InterFrame Space time; and perform the role of a source station of the SP fora remainder of the SP.

Example 25 includes the subject matter of Example 24, and optionally,wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 26 includes the subject matter of Example 24 or 25, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Example 27 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 24-26, andoptionally, including one or more antennas, and a memory.

Example 28 includes a system comprising a first wireless station, thefirst wireless station including one or more antennas; a memory; amessage processor to generate a grant frame including a duration fieldand a dynamic allocation information field, the dynamic allocationinformation field including an allocation duration subfield, theallocation duration subfield being set to a value within a predefinedrange of values, when the grant frame is to grant to a second wirelessstation a period after a Transmit Opportunity (TxOP), the allocationduration subfield being set to a predefined value which is not withinthe predefined range of values, when the grant frame is to grant to thesecond wireless station a period within the TxOP; and a radio totransmit the grant frame during the TxOP.

Example 29 includes the subject matter of Example 28, and optionally,wherein the first wireless station is to operate as a holder of theTxOP, the grant frame including the allocation duration subfield set tothe predefined value to indicate that a remainder of the TxOP is to berelinquished from the TxOP holder to a TxOP responder.

Example 30 includes the subject matter of Example 29, and optionally,wherein the first wireless station is to set a value of the durationfield to a result of subtracting from a time remaining in the TxOP atransmit time of the grant frame and a Short Inter Frame Space (SIFS)time.

Example 31 includes the subject matter of Example 28, and optionally,wherein the first wireless station is to set the allocation durationsubfield to the value within the predefined range of values to indicatethe first wireless station is to attempt to initiate access tocommunicate with the second wireless station at a time which is based ona sum of the value of the allocation duration subfield and a value ofthe duration field.

Example 32 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 28-31, andoptionally, wherein the radio is to transmit the grant frame in aContention Based Access period (CBAP).

Example 33 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 28-32, andoptionally, wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 34 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 28-33, andoptionally, wherein the range of values includes the range of 0 to32767.

Example 35 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 28-34, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Example 36 includes a system of wireless communication, the systemcomprising one or more antennas; a memory; and a first wireless stationto process a reception of a grant frame from a second wireless station,the grant frame grant frame including a duration field and a dynamicallocation information field, the dynamic allocation information fieldincluding an allocation duration subfield, the allocation durationsubfield being set to a value within a predefined range of values, whenthe grant frame is to grant a period after a Transmit Opportunity(TxOP), the allocation duration subfield being set to a predefined valuewhich is not within the predefined range of values, when the grant frameis to grant a period within the TxOP; and, based on the allocationduration subfield, to process a communication in the period after theTxOP or in the period within the TxOP.

Example 37 includes the subject matter of Example 36, and optionally,wherein the first wireless station is to operate as a responder of theTxOP, the grant frame including the allocation duration subfield set tothe predefined value to indicate that a remainder of the TxOP is to berelinquished from a TxOP holder to the TxOP responder.

Example 38 includes the subject matter of Example 37, and optionally,wherein a value of the duration field is a result of subtracting from atime remaining in the TxOP a transmit time of the grant frame and aShort Inter Frame Space (SIFS) time.

Example 39 includes the subject matter of Example 36, and optionally,wherein allocation duration subfield is set to the value within thepredefined range of values to indicate the second wireless station is toattempt to initiate access to communicate with the first wirelessstation at a time which is based on a sum of the value of the allocationduration subfield and a value of the duration field.

Example 40 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 36-39, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is to process receptionof the grant frame in a Contention Based Access period (CBAP).

Example 41 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 36-40, andoptionally, wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 42 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 36-41, andoptionally, wherein the range of values includes the range of 0 to32767.

Example 43 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 36-42, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Example 44 includes a system comprising a first wireless station, thefirst wireless station including one or more antennas; a memory; amessage processor to generate a grant frame including a duration fieldand a dynamic allocation information field, the dynamic allocationinformation field including an allocation duration subfield set to apredefined value, the duration field being set to a result ofsubtracting from a time remaining in a Service Period (SP) a transmittime of the grant frame and a Short Inter Frame Space time; and a radioto transmit the grant frame during the SP.

Example 45 includes the subject matter of Example 44, and optionally,wherein the first wireless station is to operate as source station ofthe SP, and to relinquish a remainder of the SP from the source stationto a destination station of the SP.

Example 46 includes the subject matter of Example 44 or 45, andoptionally, wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 47 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 44-46, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Example 48 includes a system of wireless communication, the systemcomprising one or more antennas; a memory; and a first wireless stationto process a reception of a grant frame from a second wireless station,the grant frame including a duration field and a dynamic allocationinformation field, the dynamic allocation information field including anallocation duration subfield set to a predefined value, the durationfield being set to a result of subtracting from a time remaining in aService Period (SP) a transmit time of the grant frame and a Short InterFrame Space time; and to perform the role of a source station of the SPfor a remainder of the SP.

Example 49 includes the subject matter of Example 48, and optionally,wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 50 includes the subject matter of Example 48 or 49, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Example 51 includes a method to be performed by a first wirelessstation, the method comprising generating a grant frame including aduration field and a dynamic allocation information field, the dynamicallocation information field including an allocation duration subfield,the allocation duration subfield being set to a value within apredefined range of values, when the grant frame is to grant to a secondwireless station a period after a Transmit Opportunity (TxOP), theallocation duration subfield being set to a predefined value which isnot within the predefined range of values, when the grant frame is togrant to the second wireless station a period within the TxOP; andtransmitting the grant frame during the TxOP.

Example 52 includes the subject matter of Example 51, and optionally,wherein the first wireless station is to operate as a holder of theTxOP, the grant frame including the allocation duration subfield set tothe predefined value to indicate that a remainder of the TxOP is to berelinquished from the TxOP holder to a TxOP responder.

Example 53 includes the subject matter of Example 52, and optionally,comprising setting a value of the duration field to a result ofsubtracting from a time remaining in the TxOP a transmit time of thegrant frame and a Short Inter Frame Space (SIFS) time.

Example 54 includes the subject matter of Example 51, and optionally,comprising setting the allocation duration subfield to the value withinthe predefined range of values to indicate the first wireless station isto attempt to initiate access to communicate with the second wirelessstation at a time which is based on a sum of the value of the allocationduration subfield and a value of the duration field.

Example 55 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-54, andoptionally, comprising transmitting the grant frame in a ContentionBased Access period (CBAP).

Example 56 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-55, andoptionally, wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 57 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-56, andoptionally, wherein the range of values includes the range of 0 to32767.

Example 58 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-57, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Example 59 includes a method to be performed by a first wirelessstation, the method comprising processing a reception of a grant framefrom a second wireless station, the grant frame grant frame including aduration field and a dynamic allocation information field, the dynamicallocation information field including an allocation duration subfield,the allocation duration subfield being set to a value within apredefined range of values, when the grant frame is to grant a periodafter a Transmit Opportunity (TxOP), the allocation duration subfieldbeing set to a predefined value which is not within the predefined rangeof values, when the grant frame is to grant a period within the TxOP;and based on the allocation duration subfield, processing acommunication in the period after the TxOP or in the period within theTxOP.

Example 60 includes the subject matter of Example 59, and optionally,wherein the first wireless station to operate as a responder of theTxOP, the grant frame including the allocation duration subfield set tothe predefined value to indicate that a remainder of the TxOP is to berelinquished from a TxOP holder to the TxOP responder.

Example 61 includes the subject matter of Example 60, and optionally,wherein a value of the duration field is a result of subtracting from atime remaining in the TxOP a transmit time of the grant frame and aShort Inter Frame Space (SIFS) time.

Example 62 includes the subject matter of Example 59, and optionally,wherein allocation duration subfield is set to the value within thepredefined range of values to indicate the second wireless station is toattempt to initiate access to communicate with the first wirelessstation at a time which is based on a sum of the value of the allocationduration subfield and a value of the duration field.

Example 63 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 59-62, andoptionally, comprising processing reception of the grant frame in aContention Based Access period (CBAP).

Example 64 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 59-63, andoptionally, wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 65 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 59-64, andoptionally, wherein the range of values includes the range of 0 to32767.

Example 66 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 59-65, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Example 67 includes a method to be performed by a first wirelessstation, the method comprising generating a grant frame including aduration field and a dynamic allocation information field, the dynamicallocation information field including an allocation duration subfieldset to a predefined value, the duration field being set to a result ofsubtracting from a time remaining in a Service Period (SP) a transmittime of the grant frame and a Short Inter Frame Space time; andtransmitting the grant frame during the SP.

Example 68 includes the subject matter of Example 67, and optionally,comprising operating the first wireless station as source station of theSP, and relinquishing a remainder of the SP from the source station to adestination station of the SP.

Example 69 includes the subject matter of Example 67 or 68, andoptionally, wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 70 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-69, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Example 71 includes a method to be performed by a first wirelessstation, the method comprising processing a reception of a grant framefrom a second wireless station, the grant frame including a durationfield and a dynamic allocation information field, the dynamic allocationinformation field including an allocation duration subfield set to apredefined value, the duration field being set to a result ofsubtracting from a time remaining in a Service Period (SP) a transmittime of the grant frame and a Short Inter Frame Space time; andperforming the role of a source station of the SP for a remainder of theSP.

Example 72 includes the subject matter of Example 71, and optionally,wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 73 includes the subject matter of Example 71 or 72, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Example 74 includes a product including one or more tangiblecomputer-readable non-transitory storage media comprisingcomputer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at leastone computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor toimplement a method at a first wireless station, the method comprisinggenerating a grant frame including a duration field and a dynamicallocation information field, the dynamic allocation information fieldincluding an allocation duration subfield, the allocation durationsubfield being set to a value within a predefined range of values, whenthe grant frame is to grant to a second wireless station a period aftera Transmit Opportunity (TxOP), the allocation duration subfield beingset to a predefined value which is not within the predefined range ofvalues, when the grant frame is to grant to the second wireless stationa period within the TxOP; and transmitting the grant frame during theTxOP.

Example 75 includes the subject matter of Example 74, and optionally,wherein the first wireless station is to operate as a holder of theTxOP, the grant frame including the allocation duration subfield set tothe predefined value to indicate that a remainder of the TxOP is to berelinquished from the TxOP holder to a TxOP responder.

Example 76 includes the subject matter of Example 75, and optionally,wherein the method comprises setting a value of the duration field to aresult of subtracting from a time remaining in the TxOP a transmit timeof the grant frame and a Short Inter Frame Space (SIFS) time.

Example 77 includes the subject matter of Example 74, and optionally,wherein the method comprises setting the allocation duration subfield tothe value within the predefined range of values to indicate the firstwireless station is to attempt to initiate access to communicate withthe second wireless station at a time which is based on a sum of thevalue of the allocation duration subfield and a value of the durationfield.

Example 78 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 74-77, andoptionally, wherein the method comprises transmitting the grant frame ina Contention Based Access period (CBAP).

Example 79 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 74-78, andoptionally, wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 80 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 74-79, andoptionally, wherein the range of values includes the range of 0 to32767.

Example 81 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 74-80, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Example 82 includes a product including one or more tangiblecomputer-readable non-transitory storage media comprisingcomputer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at leastone computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor toimplement a method at a first wireless station, the method comprisingprocessing a reception of a grant frame from a second wireless station,the grant frame grant frame including a duration field and a dynamicallocation information field, the dynamic allocation information fieldincluding an allocation duration subfield, the allocation durationsubfield being set to a value within a predefined range of values, whenthe grant frame is to grant a period after a Transmit Opportunity(TxOP), the allocation duration subfield being set to a predefined valuewhich is not within the predefined range of values, when the grant frameis to grant a period within the TxOP; and based on the allocationduration subfield, processing a communication in the period after theTxOP or in the period within the TxOP.

Example 83 includes the subject matter of Example 82, and optionally,wherein the first wireless station to operate as a responder of theTxOP, the grant frame including the allocation duration subfield set tothe predefined value to indicate that a remainder of the TxOP is to berelinquished from a TxOP holder to the TxOP responder.

Example 84 includes the subject matter of Example 83, and optionally,wherein a value of the duration field is a result of subtracting from atime remaining in the TxOP a transmit time of the grant frame and aShort Inter Frame Space (SIFS) time.

Example 85 includes the subject matter of Example 82, and optionally,wherein allocation duration subfield is set to the value within thepredefined range of values to indicate the second wireless station is toattempt to initiate access to communicate with the first wirelessstation at a time which is based on a sum of the value of the allocationduration subfield and a value of the duration field.

Example 86 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 82-85, andoptionally, wherein the method comprises processing reception of thegrant frame in a Contention Based Access period (CBAP).

Example 87 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 82-86, andoptionally, wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 88 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 82-87, andoptionally, wherein the range of values includes the range of 0 to32767.

Example 89 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 82-88, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Example 90 includes a product including one or more tangiblecomputer-readable non-transitory storage media comprisingcomputer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at leastone computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor toimplement a method at a first wireless station, the method comprisinggenerating a grant frame including a duration field and a dynamicallocation information field, the dynamic allocation information fieldincluding an allocation duration subfield set to a predefined value, theduration field being set to a result of subtracting from a timeremaining in a Service Period (SP) a transmit time of the grant frameand a Short Inter Frame Space time; and transmitting the grant frameduring the SP.

Example 91 includes the subject matter of Example 90, and optionally,wherein the method comprises operating the first wireless station assource station of the SP, and relinquishing a remainder of the SP fromthe source station to a destination station of the SP.

Example 92 includes the subject matter of Example 90 or 91, andoptionally, wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 93 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 90-92, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Example 94 includes a product including one or more tangiblecomputer-readable non-transitory storage media comprisingcomputer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at leastone computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor toimplement a method at a first wireless station, the method comprisingprocessing a reception of a grant frame from a second wireless station,the grant frame including a duration field and a dynamic allocationinformation field, the dynamic allocation information field including anallocation duration subfield set to a predefined value, the durationfield being set to a result of subtracting from a time remaining in aService Period (SP) a transmit time of the grant frame and a Short InterFrame Space time; and performing the role of a source station of the SPfor a remainder of the SP.

Example 95 includes the subject matter of Example 94, and optionally,wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 96 includes the subject matter of Example 94 or 95, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Example 97 includes an apparatus of wireless communication, theapparatus comprising means for generating, at a first wireless station,a grant frame including a duration field and a dynamic allocationinformation field, the dynamic allocation information field including anallocation duration subfield, the allocation duration subfield being setto a value within a predefined range of values, when the grant frame isto grant to a second wireless station a period after a TransmitOpportunity (TxOP), the allocation duration subfield being set to apredefined value which is not within the predefined range of values,when the grant frame is to grant to the second wireless station a periodwithin the TxOP; and means for transmitting the grant frame during theTxOP.

Example 98 includes the subject matter of Example 97, and optionally,wherein the first wireless station is to operate as a holder of theTxOP, the grant frame including the allocation duration subfield set tothe predefined value to indicate that a remainder of the TxOP is to berelinquished from the TxOP holder to a TxOP responder.

Example 99 includes the subject matter of Example 98, and optionally,comprising means for setting a value of the duration field to a resultof subtracting from a time remaining in the TxOP a transmit time of thegrant frame and a Short Inter Frame Space (SIFS) time.

Example 100 includes the subject matter of Example 97, and optionally,comprising means for setting the allocation duration subfield to thevalue within the predefined range of values to indicate the firstwireless station is to attempt to initiate access to communicate withthe second wireless station at a time which is based on a sum of thevalue of the allocation duration subfield and a value of the durationfield.

Example 101 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 97-100,and optionally, comprising means for transmitting the grant frame in aContention Based Access period (CBAP).

Example 102 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 97-101,and optionally, wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 103 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 97-102,and optionally, wherein the range of values includes the range of 0 to32767.

Example 104 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 97-103,and optionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct MultiGigabit (DMG) station (STA).

Example 105 includes an apparatus of wireless communication, theapparatus comprising means for processing, at a first wireless station,a reception of a grant frame from a second wireless station, the grantframe grant frame including a duration field and a dynamic allocationinformation field, the dynamic allocation information field including anallocation duration subfield, the allocation duration subfield being setto a value within a predefined range of values, when the grant frame isto grant a period after a Transmit Opportunity (TxOP), the allocationduration subfield being set to a predefined value which is not withinthe predefined range of values, when the grant frame is to grant aperiod within the TxOP; and means for, based on the allocation durationsubfield, processing a communication in the period after the TxOP or inthe period within the TxOP.

Example 106 includes the subject matter of Example 105, and optionally,wherein the first wireless station to operate as a responder of theTxOP, the grant frame including the allocation duration subfield set tothe predefined value to indicate that a remainder of the TxOP is to berelinquished from a TxOP holder to the TxOP responder.

Example 107 includes the subject matter of Example 106, and optionally,wherein a value of the duration field is a result of subtracting from atime remaining in the TxOP a transmit time of the grant frame and aShort Inter Frame Space (SIFS) time.

Example 108 includes the subject matter of Example 105, and optionally,wherein allocation duration subfield is set to the value within thepredefined range of values to indicate the second wireless station is toattempt to initiate access to communicate with the first wirelessstation at a time which is based on a sum of the value of the allocationduration subfield and a value of the duration field.

Example 109 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-108,and optionally, comprising means for processing reception of the grantframe in a Contention Based Access period (CBAP).

Example 110 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-109,and optionally, wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 111 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-110,and optionally, wherein the range of values includes the range of 0 to32767.

Example 112 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-111,and optionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct MultiGigabit (DMG) station (STA).

Example 113 includes an apparatus of wireless communication, theapparatus comprising means for generating, at a first wireless station,a grant frame including a duration field and a dynamic allocationinformation field, the dynamic allocation information field including anallocation duration subfield set to a predefined value, the durationfield being set to a result of subtracting from a time remaining in aService Period (SP) a transmit time of the grant frame and a Short InterFrame Space time; and means for transmitting the grant frame during theSP.

Example 114 includes the subject matter of Example 113, and optionally,comprising means for operating the first wireless station as sourcestation of the SP, and relinquishing a remainder of the SP from thesource station to a destination station of the SP.

Example 115 includes the subject matter of Example 113 or 114, andoptionally, wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 116 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 113-115,and optionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct MultiGigabit (DMG) station (STA).

Example 117 includes an apparatus of wireless communication, theapparatus comprising means for processing, at a first wireless station.a reception of a grant frame from a second wireless station, the grantframe including a duration field and a dynamic allocation informationfield, the dynamic allocation information field including an allocationduration subfield set to a predefined value, the duration field beingset to a result of subtracting from a time remaining in a Service Period(SP) a transmit time of the grant frame and a Short Inter Frame Spacetime; and means for performing the role of a source station of the SPfor a remainder of the SP.

Example 118 includes the subject matter of Example 117, and optionally,wherein the predefined value is 32768.

Example 119 includes the subject matter of Example 117 or 118, andoptionally, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).

Functions, operations, components and/or features described herein withreference to one or more embodiments, may be combined with, or may beutilized in combination with, one or more other functions, operations,components and/or features described herein with reference to one ormore other embodiments, or vice versa.

While certain features have been illustrated and described herein, manymodifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents may occur tothose skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that theappended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changesas fall within the true spirit of the disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus comprising one or more processorsincluding circuitry configured to cause a first wireless station to:generate a grant frame including a duration field and a dynamicallocation information field, the dynamic allocation information fieldincluding an allocation duration subfield, the allocation durationsubfield being set to a value within a predefined range of values, whenthe grant frame is to grant to a second wireless station a period aftera Transmit Opportunity (TxOP), the allocation duration subfield beingset to a predefined value which is not within the predefined range ofvalues, when the grant frame is to grant to the second wireless stationa period within the TxOP; and transmit the grant frame during the TxOP.2. The apparatus of claim 1 configured to cause the first wirelessstation to operate as a holder of the TxOP, the grant frame includingthe allocation duration subfield set to the predefined value to indicatethat a remainder of the TxOP is to be relinquished from the TxOP holderto a TxOP responder.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2 configured to cause thefirst wireless station to set a value of the duration field to a resultof subtracting from a time remaining in the TxOP a transmit time of thegrant frame and a Short Inter Frame Space (SIFS) time.
 4. The apparatusof claim 1 configured to cause the first wireless station to set theallocation duration subfield to the value within the predefined range ofvalues to indicate said first wireless station is to attempt to initiateaccess to communicate with the second wireless station at a time whichis based on a sum of the value of the allocation duration subfield and avalue of the duration field.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1 to cause thefirst wireless station to transmit the grant frame in a Contention BasedAccess period (CBAP).
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein thepredefined value is
 32768. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein therange of values includes the range of 0 to
 32767. 8. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the first wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit(DMG) station (STA).
 9. The apparatus of claim 1 including one or moreantennas, and a memory.
 10. An apparatus comprising one or moreprocessors including circuitry configured to cause a first wirelessstation to: process a reception of a grant frame from a second wirelessstation, the grant frame grant frame including a duration field and adynamic allocation information field, the dynamic allocation informationfield including an allocation duration subfield, the allocation durationsubfield being set to a value within a predefined range of values, whenthe grant frame is to grant a period after a Transmit Opportunity(TxOP), the allocation duration subfield being set to a predefined valuewhich is not within the predefined range of values, when the grant frameis to grant a period within the TxOP; and based on the allocationduration subfield, to process a communication in the period after theTxOP or in the period within the TxOP.
 11. The apparatus of claim 10configured to cause the first wireless station to operate as a responderof the TxOP, the grant frame including the allocation duration subfieldset to the predefined value to indicate that a remainder of the TxOP isto be relinquished from a TxOP holder to the TxOP responder.
 12. Theapparatus of claim 11, wherein a value of the duration field is a resultof subtracting from a time remaining in the TxOP a transmit time of thegrant frame and a Short Inter Frame Space (SIFS) time.
 13. The apparatusof claim 10, wherein allocation duration subfield is set to the valuewithin the predefined range of values to indicate said second wirelessstation is to attempt to initiate access to communicate with the firstwireless station at a time which is based on a sum of the value of theallocation duration subfield and a value of the duration field.
 14. Theapparatus of claim 10 to cause the first wireless station to processreception of the grant frame in a Contention Based Access period (CBAP).15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the predefined value is 32768.16. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the range of values includes therange of 0 to
 32767. 17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the firstwireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit (DMG) station (STA).
 18. Theapparatus of claim 10 including one or more antennas, and a memory. 19.A product including one or more tangible computer-readablenon-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructionsoperable to, when executed by at least one computer processor, enablethe at least one computer processor to implement a method at a firstwireless station, the method comprising: generating a grant frameincluding a duration field and a dynamic allocation information field,the dynamic allocation information field including an allocationduration subfield set to a predefined value, the duration field beingset to a result of subtracting from a time remaining in a Service Period(SP) a transmit time of the grant frame and a Short Inter Frame Spacetime; and transmitting the grant frame during the SP.
 20. The product ofclaim 19, wherein the method comprises operating the first wirelessstation as source station of the SP, and relinquishing a remainder ofthe SP from the source station to a destination station of the SP. 21.The product of claim 19, wherein the predefined value is
 32768. 22. Theproduct of claim 19, wherein the first wireless station is a DirectMulti Gigabit (DMG) station (STA).
 23. A product including one or moretangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprisingcomputer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at leastone computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor toimplement a method at a first wireless station, the method comprising:processing a reception of a grant frame from a second wireless station,the grant frame including a duration field and a dynamic allocationinformation field, the dynamic allocation information field including anallocation duration subfield set to a predefined value, the durationfield being set to a result of subtracting from a time remaining in aService Period (SP) a transmit time of the grant frame and a Short InterFrame Space time; and performing the role of a source station of the SPfor a remainder of the SP.
 24. The product of claim 23, wherein thepredefined value is
 32768. 25. The product of claim 23, wherein thefirst wireless station is a Direct Multi Gigabit (DMG) station (STA).